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Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1819–1876)
Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaievna of Russia ((ロシア語:Мария Николаевна)) (18 August 1819 – 21 February 1876) was a daughter of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, sister of Alexander II and aunt of Alexander III. In 1839 she married Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg. She was an art collector and President of the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg.
==Early life==
Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaievna was born on 18 August 1819 in Krasnoye Selo, near Saint Petersburg. She was the second of seven surviving children and the eldest daughter.〔Belyakova, '' Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna and her palace in St Peterburg '', p. 17〕 Her parents, Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, born Princess Charlotte of Prussia, were devoted to each other and to their children. They were warm and affectionate parents, but avoided overindulging them.〔 In the evenings, Alexandra Feodorovna played games with her children, including riddles and charades.〔Belyakova, '' Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna and her palace in St Peterburg '', p. 18〕 The Tsar liked to sing chorus music with them. The siblings grew up in a close knit family, remaining in good terms all their lives.
Maria Nikolaievna was raised in the company of her sisters Olga and Alexandra.〔 Their rooms, located on the ground floor of the Winter Palace, were unpretentious and void of luxury. The girls were prescribed fresh air in all seasons, and doctors controlled their diet. Classes began at 8:00 AM. Maria’s education was placed under the supervision of the liberal privy Counselor and poet Vasily Zhukovsky, who had previously been Alexandra Feodrorovna’s Russian teacher.〔 Zhukovski remained in close terms with his royal wards until his death.〔 Maria and her sisters received dancing, music and drawing lessons.〔 Her childhood sketchbook (1826–1830) has survived and it is in the hands of her descendants living in the U.S.A.〔Belyakova, '' Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna and her palace in St Peterburg '', p. 21〕 Grand Duchess Maria, who painted fairly well, later made watercolors. She never lost her love for the arts, becoming a benefactress and art collector.〔 Artistically gifted, she showed an early interest in interior design, decorating her rooms with her personal style. She would later make her Palace in St Petersburg one of the most beautiful in the city.〔Beéche, '' The Grand Duchesses'', p. 17〕 All three sisters had musical abilities and were involved in charitable work. From 1835, Grand Duchess Maria was an active member of the patriot’s society, which had been founded by Empress Elizabeth Alexeievna.〔 The society occasionally met in session in Maria’s room at the Winter Palace.〔
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